Critical Thinking Essays - Psychotherapy, Clinical Psychology

Basic Thinking Essays - Psychotherapy, Clinical Psychology Basic Thinking Part 4 Critical Thinking 1. You without a doubt had certain convictions and thoughts regarding treatment before perusing this part. Has examining this part changed these convictions and thoughts? Clarify. Truly, in light of the fact that before perusing the part I thought treatment was only for individuals who were determined to have a mental issue or be profoundly battling so as to look for treatment. Presently I realize that individuals go to treatment to adapt to scatters, connections, stress, and distress, to make sense of what their identity is and figure out how to make every second count. I likewise that it was silly since all specialists do is go over normal information and that is pointless when you can simply converse with old buddies. I presently realize that treatment is not quite the same as associations with companions or family since specialists are profoundly prepared experts who?ve gone through years learning and rehearsing how to analyze and treat intellectual, enthusiastic, social and soci al issues.? Rather than contending with the issue, similarly as with companions, treatment is given distinctly on you. 2. Which type of treatment do you by and by find generally engaging? Why? I believe that I would lean toward conduct treatment since it centers straightforwardly around the issue as opposed to on all the causes and I wouldn?t need to concentrate such a great amount on my sentiments. I accept that I would increase a great deal from talking through issues, and think that its cool to attempt an alternate way to deal with my issues. I wouldn?t incline toward knowledge treatment since I would need a progressively clear solution to my concern rather than more understanding on why I may be having the issue. I wouldn?t need to utilize biomedical treatment since I trust it may be required if the issue is extreme. 3. What do you consider the most significant shared characteristics among the significant types of treatment depicted in this part? What are the most significant contrasts? Every single significant type of treatment are intended to address upset musings, upset feelings, upset practices, relational and life circumstance troubles, and biomedical unsettling influences, Research demonstrates that by and large, treatment accomplishes work. Subjective: Works in progressively logical and sensible way, can comprehend a huge scope of issues yet broad grounds is based towards more about the customer's cerebrum state as opposed to their psyche. Humanistic: Works for individuals with fearlessness issues or other inward clashes in regards to their cognizant self. Psycho-dynamic: Works for the individuals who continually manage issues and can't appear to discover a way settle it, for the most part meaning something is going on beneath the surface. 4. Envision that you were going to utilize the standards of intellectual social treatment to change some part of your own reasoning and conduct. (Possibly you'd prefer to stopped smoking, or be progressively sorted out, or defeated your dread of riding in lifts.) How might you distinguish broken reasoning? What might you be able to do to change your reasoning examples and conduct? I would distinguish defective intuition as forming a hasty opinion and settling on clueless choices, censuring yourself for things you have no power over, dismissing positive input or recommendations, and rationalizing. You can change your intuition designs by first perceiving that there is a need to change your reasoning example, know about the circumstances in which you are utilizing ruinous reasoning examples, and pick positive contemplations to supplant the dangerous musings.

History of Photography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of Photography - Research Paper Example Numerous picture takers on the planet who have made their lives out of making photos that portray their characters and say a lot about the earth they take the occasions (Pollen 71). Photography began as a craftsmanship during the 1830s however came into acknowledgment ten years after the fact. Be that as it may, before photography was made individuals recently knew the hypothesis of how photography functions. Camera Obscura was the primary model of picture handling device that gave the individuals the plan to create better camera structures. In this device, the picture was anticipated topsy turvy. This was, thinking back to the 14 and thirteenth century. The importance of Camera Obscura in Latin is the darkroom. The advancement of photography was expected to the professional killer of the artistic work. The eminent craftsmen like Leonardo and Michelangelo and others utilized the idea of the Camera Obscura. An Italian researcher set aside effort to compose a paper on utilizing the cam era obscura as a guide in drawing. The obscura would give better guide during the time spent creation compelling artwork as indicated by the article. The Italian researcher Giovanni Battista della Portacentury gave ideal models in the broad utilization of obscura in art (Ivan 1). One could follow from the greater anticipated picture. The innovation of the camera in the 1825 where there was the window le Gras by the designer Joseph Niepce. The congruity in the development of the camera fashioned on to the 1888 where the Eastman Kodak organization brought the film camera into reality. In the past the high contrast creation of photographs became well known driving Kodak to different levels in the realm of the creating photography. There are prestigious picture takers like Alfred Stieglitz who was an advertiser of present day craftsmanship. He has the credit of making photography what it is presently (Ivan 1). In this paper, the craftsman of decision is Carol Guzy an eminent picture t aker. The decision of this picture taker is motivated by the way that she has a characteristic method of introducing her craft to the crowd. Song Guzy was the main woman to get the acknowledgment of paper picture taker of the year during the 90s. She has likewise had Pulitzer prizes in her photography. Guzy proceeded to win the best photojournalism of the year in 2009 fixing her impact on the lives of crowd. Ditty Guzy’s contact in photography is made by the way that she doesn't take photographs. She archives the feeling of the situations around her. Ditty is a cutting edge picture taker who concentrates her craft on the feelings rather than the occasions. The way that she utilizes this trait of feeling in the photographs she makes gives her the advantage really taking shape of the best pictures on the occasions that are going on. The photos she takes give a superior viewpoint on the inclination on the ground. She has dug into numerous sides of the world and archived probably the best pictures to give a superior comprehension of the circumstance in the spot the photograph starts (Michael n.p). Carol’s inspiration She was not specialized in nature but rather the prologue to the affection for photography was ingrained in her by the way that Carol’s ex gave her a camera in the wake of seeing her having a talent of shooting her mutts. The camera was a 35mm camera. The camera that was given to her was the main inspiration to the fruitful profession. She felt it was her actual calling. Having originated from a normal family in the USA, she cherished craftsmanship yet her mother who was working in the manufacturing plant and battled to help her idea it would be a pleasant pastime. She was enlisted to the nursing program. Partially through her

Sexual Vilification of Female Sexual Power A Comparison of Lolita and Wilde Sargasso Sea - Literature Essay Samples

From the witch hunting hysteria of the 17th century, to the biblical belief that all objects touched by a menstruating woman became unclean, female sexuality has been regarded by men with fear and hostility for thousands of years. Accused by Tertulian of being â€Å"the gateway to the devil†, women have long been kept under strict regulation, their sexuality often suppressed by patriarchal societies for fear of what might happen should the â€Å"uncontrollable nature† of such â€Å"untamed creatures†[1] be given free reign. The woman as a result has been viewed, historically, to occupy a place of contradiction in literature, frequently dismissed by male writers as weak and invaluable to their stories, but simultaneously given power over men because of a societal obsession with their sensuality. Despite the vast differences in the setting of the two texts studied here, â€Å"Lolita† being a 1940s â€Å"road novel†, and â€Å"Wide Sargasso Sea† which is set in post-colonial Jamaica, women and girls are portrayed through the eyes of their male counterparts in each novel in strikingly similar ways. Contemporary writers Jean Rhys and Vladimir Nabokov have captured the emotional conflict between desire and disgust felt by male protagonists towards the women they are attracted to, highlighting the way in which female characters and vilified for taking ownership of their sexuality. To an extent, both male protagonists are portrayed as viewing the women they pursue as supernatural beings rather than humans, contributing to the women’s vilification. Humbert Humbert may be seen to blur the distinction between the persona of Lolita, the â€Å"nymphet† Nabokov creates, and the â€Å"North-American girl-child†, who, thanks to the vivid imagination Humbert has been written with, we often forget is named Dolores. The concept of the â€Å"nymphet†, Nabokov’s own neologism, comes from the mythological term nymph, meaning a spirit-like woman about whom â€Å"the term nà »mphe refers to her status as a sexual being†. This is used in reference to a young girl Humbert feels attracted to, whose â€Å"true nature is not human, but nymphic (that is, demoniac)†. Nabokov uses the adjectives â€Å"nymphic† and â€Å"demoniac† as though they are interchangeable synonyms, suggesting that he intended to present Humbert a s viewing sexual attractiveness in girls as akin to being demonic. This may demonstrate Nabokov’s intentions to portray Humbert as viewing Delores as some kind of malignant creature, consequently dehumanizing her on account of his lust for her, and contributing to the idea Humbert is shown to vilify her. During various accounts of Humbert’s encounters with those described as â€Å"demon children†, paradoxically meaning the â€Å"nymphets† he is â€Å"agonizingly in love† with, multilingual Nabokov describes one girl as an â€Å"enfant charmante et fourbe†, meaning a child who is lovely and deceitful. This may invite the reader to imagine such â€Å"nymphets† as temptresses, using their supernatural powers of deceit to seduce Humbert. This demonic portrayal, which is given to the reader early on in the story, may be the progenitor for Lolita, who is no exception to Nabokov’s extended metaphor. Through Humbert’s eyes, Lolita is portrayed as â€Å"hopelessly depraved† indicating that she is sexually immoral, and he equates this to her being a â€Å"daemon child†. The emotive adverb â€Å"hopelessly† may suggest that Nabokov intended to portray Humbert perceiving Dolores as being beyond help, which may evoke in the reader the notion that it is for this reason that Humbert was able to rationalize his sexual relations with her. As a first person narrator, it is likely that Nabokov intended to portray Humbert as unreliable; the authenticity of Dolores’ alleged depravity may be questionable to many, considering she is a child of twelve. It can be gleaned that Humbert, by way of Nabokov’s near constant references to satanic imagery, is intended to be received as struggling with conflicting emotions, hence the â€Å"agonizing† love he is presented with, and may attempt to pin the blame onto Dolores and other â€Å"nymphets† fo r the lust they are shown to inspire in him. In doing this, Nabokov may be showing Humbert to vilify Dolores for the sexual power she holds over him, and presenting him attempting to justify the behavior that would today be recognized as pedophilia. In similarity to the presentation of Dolores through Humbert’s narrative in â€Å"Lolita†, it can be interpreted that Rhys has tried to make relations between the presentation of Antoinette as an attractive, sexually free woman, and the presentation of her as a supernatural villain. When describing his wife, Rochester is shown to be in â€Å"discomfort† by commenting on her â€Å"alien eyes†, which, while likening her to a feared supernatural being, an alien, may also symbolize an inability to relate to her seemingly alien culture. Continual supernatural imagery is used in reference to Antoinette, including the simile Rhys uses, that Antoinette has â€Å"eyes like a zombie†. This simile may have been intended to be in reference to her eyes appearing dead, or lifeless, like the zombies of Caribbean folklore. It can be interpreted that Rochester, who easily believes Cosway’s sensationalist stories, is portrayed to associate sexual promiscuity w ith supernatural evil, especially when in many cases of recorded â€Å"zombification† in history, â€Å"those who were made into zombis were probably already alienated from their communities†[2]. As Antoinette, who was arguably portrayed as a miscreant due to the sexual affairs she is accused of by Cosway, is compared to a zombie, it can therefore be said that she is vilified for this, to the point of being feared and demonized, as the alleged zombies were. It can also be argued that Antoinette’s demonization stems from the portrayal that Rochester hates the culture of the Caribbean. Jamaica is presented through the frame of Rochester’s narrative as a hostile place, about which, Rochester remarks, â€Å"I hated its beauty and its magic†. The â€Å"magic† possibly refers the prevalence of superstition and black magic of Jamaica a religion regarded by many colonizers as being sexually depraved, and the â€Å"beauty†, to the sensual landscape Antoinette is a personification of. In using the parallel between the strangeness of Jamaican Obeah to the western reader, and the strangeness of Antoinette’s Creole culture to British Victorian Rochester, Rhys may invite the reader to view Antoinette as a sexual villain through the framing of Rochester’s narrative. Portrayed to associate Antoinette with the â€Å"wild place† she is a personification of, Rochester resents Antoinette, â€Å"for s he belonged to the magic.† Ultimately, Antoinette is â€Å"bought for profit, regarded as exotic, hysteric and incomprehensible to her buyer†[3], and Rochester as a result can be seen vilify her for her perceived sensuality as a Caribbean woman. Nabokov similarly uses setting to show the vilification of female protagonists, using Dolores to personify various stereotyped aspects of 1950s American culture. Through the first person narrative of Humbert, a foreigner like his creator, Nabokov, the reader is given â€Å"the view of America that could only have come from an outsider†[4], including aspects concerning, as critic Mary Elizabeth Williams phrases it, â€Å"maximum lust, hypocrisy and obsession†[5]. Dolores may be intended to symbolise these aspects. Humbert is portrayed with a dislike for them, and can be seen to vilify Dolores because of them. Nabokov describes Dolores as â€Å"the ideal consumer, the subject and object of every foul poster†. The adjective â€Å"foul† serves to make the reader aware of Humbert’s hate for the posters, often containing sexual undertones, possibly because of the manner in which they assert control over his naive love, the â€Å"object† of their ad vertising. Nabokov portrays this control through the metaphor of the advertising â€Å"entrancing her†, insinuating that she was under some kind of spell. Humbert is portrayed to hate this fact, possibly because of the over-sexualised manner that Hollywood advertising bombarded consumers with, particularly impressionable youth, at the time. It may be interpreted that is because Nabokov intended to show Humbert with a desire to retain all control over Dolores’ sexual desires. In noting that Dolores is presented with a love for Hollywood magazines, one of which Nabokov calls a â€Å"lurid movie magazine†, it can be seen that she may be exploring her sexuality through the means of Hollywood, something which Humbert may be shown to resent due to Nabokov’s use of the adjective â€Å"lurid†, a word which may be interpreted as over sexualised and vulgar. In fact, in a paragraph Nabokov includes about her avid consumerism, and Dolores uses the slang word â€Å"swank†, made popular by Hollywood films, and Humbert refers to Dolores as his â€Å"vulgar darling†. The juxtaposition of these two opposing words suggest an internal struggle on Humbert’s part, indicating that Nabokov may have intended to present him with a hate of the vulgar and sexualised language she uses, and the way she is presented to feel sexually attracted towards Hollywood actors, due to the negative sexually negative language he uses. This may show Nabok ov’s intentions to present Humbert to vilify any aspects of Dolores’ developing sexuality that do not concern him. On a deeper level, Nabokov may also use Humbert’s feelings to show his vilification of sexualised America, as â€Å"If Lolita represents America, it is physically attractive, shallow and deeply corrupt†[6]. It is safe to say that lurid Hollywood did, and still does, hold a form of sexual power over many, which is comparable to the way in which Dolores holds sexual power over Humbert. Humbert’s evoked image of Dolores as a â€Å"nymphet† may cause him to be presented as viewing her with more of a sexual conscience than she does in reality. After disclosing to him the details of her sexual encounters at summer camp, Humbert is shown to be disappointed that he was â€Å"not the first† to â€Å"debauch† her. From this, it may be inferred that for Humbert, with being â€Å"first†, would come a sense of ownership, a sense of reassurance that she was, as Nabokov refers to it, â€Å"pure† when he first had sex with her. Nabokov’s use of the verbâ€Å"debauch† indicates that he intended to show Humbert regarding her as corrupted and soiled because someone had had sex with her before. This contrast in emotions may show that Humbert is presented as paradoxically thinking it wrong that Dolores had sex with others, but acceptable for her to have sex with him. After Dolores tells him what happened, Humbert â€Å"had Lo [] take a much needed soap shower†, insinuating that as though by asking her to physically clean herself, she could also somehow clean herself of the metaphorical dirtiness that she is portrayed as having because of her sexual history. This may show that Nabokov intended to show Humbert vilifying Dolores because of the possibility of her sexual his tory. Similarly, the theme of purity is one that also runs through the entirety of â€Å"Wide Sargasso Sea†. Rhys presents Rochester as a stereotypical Victorian Englishmen, feeling a sense of disgust towards Antoinette’s sexual impurity, and with the desire to attempt to vilify this aspect of her. Daniel Cosway says that Rochester isn’t â€Å"the first to kiss [Antoinette’s] pretty face†, a claim that can be interpreted as a taunt, insinuating that she may have had sexual encounters before marriage, a taboo at the time. In a similar way to Humbert in â€Å"Lolita†, it can be interpreted that for Rochester, being the â€Å"first† to touch his wife would give him a sense of power and ownership. This would be especially accurate of the culture of the time, when many Victorian Europeans still, to an extent, viewed women as property. One might even say that Rhys intended Rochester to rename his wife â€Å"Bertha†, out of a desire for her to be pure. By taking away her name, Antoinette, a typical French name, Rochester can be seen to take away her identity, both personal and racial. It can be interpreted that Rhys did this to strip Antoinette of her self-owned sexuality, which was tied up with her identity as a Creole woman. Rhys herself once observed, in relation to Dominican women, â€Å"Marriage didn’t seem a duty for them as it did for us†[7], and Victorian Creole women were certainly stereotyped at the time for being more sexually liberated than their counterparts living in Europe. By taking away her French Creole name, and replacing it with â€Å"Bertha†, an English name it may be seen that Rochester was trying to mould her into a sexually subservient wife, an ideal for English Victorians at the time. In hindsight, it seems that both author’s intentions can be seen to be to present their female protagonists as being vilified, largely through the narrative framing of their male protagonists. Both Humbert and Rochester are portrayed with conflicting emotions surrounding Dolores and Antoinette, in a struggle between repulsion and sexual desire. While Humbert’s l desire for Dolores results in the portrayal of him simultaneously vilifying and glorifying her, it can be argued that Rhys portrays Rochester to solely vilify Antoinette. Although the villainous portrayal of both female protagonists are not incongruent with the presentation of other women in literature, they may still be met by the reader with an intense emotional response. However, it can be very much argued that the reasons for these portrayals merely lie within Rhys’ desire to create an accurate depiction of the culture of the time, and Humbert’s inherent affliction of being a pedophile. [1] Cato The Elder, Speech in the Roman Senate, 195 BCE [2] Judith L. Raiskin, Snow on the Cane Fields: Womens Writing and Creole Subjectivity, 1995 [3] Helen Tiffin, The Post-Colonial Studies Reader, 1995 [4] Mary Elizabeth Williams, Personal Best Review, Salon Magazine, 1996 [5] Mary Elizabeth Williams, Personal Best Review, Salon Magazine, 1996 [6] Robert M. Crunden, A Brief History of American Culture, 1990 [7] Jean Rhys, â€Å"Smile Please†, 1987

Linear A Undeciphered Writing System of the Minoans

Linear A is the name of one of the writing systems used in ancient Crete between about 2500–1450 BCE, before the arrival of the Mycenaean Greeks. We dont know which language it represents; nor do we fully understand it. It isnt the only ancient script that has so far evaded decipherment; nor is it even the only ancient Cretan script of the time that remains undeciphered. But there was another script in use by the end of Linear As period called Linear B, which British cryptographer Michael Ventris and colleagues deciphered in 1952. There are tantalizing similarities between the two. Undeciphered Cretan Scripts Linear A is one of two main scripts used during the Minoan Proto-palatial period (1900–1700 BC); the other is a Cretan hieroglyphic script. Linear A was used in the central-southern region (Mesara) of Crete, and Cretan hieroglyphic script was used on the northern and northeastern parts of Crete. Some scholars see these as simultaneous scripts, others argue that Hieroglyphic Cretan developed slightly earlier. Conceivably, a third script of the period is that stamped into the Phaistos Disk, a flat disk of fired ceramics about 15 centimeters (6 inches) in diameter. Both sides of the disk have been impressed with mysterious symbols, arranged in lines that spiral towards the centers. The disk was discovered at the Minoan culture site of Phaistos by Italian archaeologist Luigi Pernier in 1908. The symbols on the Phaistos Disk are similar to but not identical to other symbols in use throughout the Mediterranean. Theories about the meaning of the symbols abound. It may or may not be Cretan. It could be a fake or,   if authentic, it could be a game board. Some scholars suggest that the maker wasnt writing anything, she or he simply used motifs that were familiar from seals and amulets and assembled them into groups in order to imitate the appearance of writing. The Phaistos Disk is unlikely to be deciphered unless other examples are found. A Mixed System Invented about 1800 BCE, Linear A is Europes first known syllabary—that is to say, it was a writing system using different symbols to represent syllables rather than pictograms for complete ideas, used for both religious and administrative functions. Although primarily a syllabary, it also includes sematographic symbols/logograms for specific items and abstracts, such as arithmetical symbols showing what appears to be a decimal system with fractions. About 1450 BCE, Linear A disappeared. Scholars are divided about the origins, possible languages and disappearance of Linear A. Some say the disappearance results from invading Mycenaeans who crushed the Cretan culture—Linear B is associated with the Mycenaeans; others such as John Bennett suggest the Linear A script was retooled to include additional signs to record a new language. Certainly, Linear B has more symbols, is more systematic and exhibits a tidier appearance (classicist Ilsa Schoeps term) than Linear A: Schoep interprets this as reflecting the ad hoc nature of reports written in Linear A versus a more regulated archival purpose for those in Linear B. Sources of Linear A and Cretan Hieroglyphic Tablets with inscribed Linear A characters were first discovered by British archaeologist Arthur Evans in 1900. To date, there have been found over 1,400 Linear A documents with about 7,400 different symbols. That is much fewer than Linear B, which has about 4,600 documents with more than 57,000 symbols. Most of the inscriptions are from Neopalatial contexts (1700/1650-1325 BCE), with the end of that period, Late Minoan B (1480-1425 BCE) the most abundant. The vast majority (90 percent) were incised on tablets, sealings, roundels, and nodules, all of which are associated with markets and  trade goods. The other ten percent are objects of stone, pottery, and metal, including some gold and silver. Most of the Linear A documents were found on Crete, but a few are from the Aegean islands, at Miletos in coastal western Anatolia, and possibly at Tiryns in the Peloponnese islands and at Tel Haror in the Levant. Some possible examples have been reported from Troy and Lachish, but those remain controversial among scholars. Linear A scripts have been found in quantity at the Minoan sites of Haghia Triadha, Khania, Knossos, Phaistos, and Malia. More examples (147 tablets or fragments) of Linear A have been found at the Haghia Triadha (near Phaistos) than anywhere else. Why Cant We Crack the Code? There are a few reasons why Linear A is difficult to decipher. Mostly, there are no long text strings, in fact, the documents are primarily lists, with headings followed by a logogram, followed by a number and/or fraction. Classicist John Younger thinks the headers represent a type of transaction, while the entries in the lists are commodities and their descriptions (e.g., fresh/dried, or subset types), and a monetary amount follows that. The purposes of these lists are likely inventories, assessments, collections or contributions, or allocations or disbursements. The lists include several more or less plausible place names: Haghia Triada is probably DA-U-*49 (or da-wo in Linear B); I-DA is likely Mount Ida; and PA-I-TO is likely Phaistos. KI-NU-SU is probably a place name, but recent research has shown it is not very likely to be Knossos. About 10 three-syllable words are identical in A and B, including Phaistos, which occurs 59 times in the corpus. About 2,700 people seem to be recorded in Linear A, some of whom may have been part of a list of available porters. Which Language? Nevertheless, it would help if we knew which languages those who wrote in Linear A spoke. According to John Younger, Linear A is mostly written left to right, in more or less straight rows from top to bottom of the clay document, and sometimes lined. There are at least three vowels, and 90 symbols are used regularly. It is called linear because unlike Cretan hieroglyphs, the characters are abstract, drawn with lines. Hypotheses for the underlying language include a Greek-like language, a distinct Indo-European language, an Anatolian language close to Luwian, an archaic form of Phoenician, Indo-Iranian, and an Etruscan-like language. Computer scientist Peter Revesz has suggested that Cretan Hieroglyphs, Linear A, and Linear B are all part of a Cretan Script Family, with an origin in western Anatolia and perhaps ancestral to Carian.   Linear A and Saffron A 2011 study into possible signs in Linear A that might represent the spice saffron was reported in the Oxford Journal of Archaeology. Archaeologist Jo Day points out that although Linear A has yet to be deciphered, there are recognized ideograms in Linear A that approximate the Linear B ideograms, especially for agricultural commodities such as figs, wine, olives, humans, and some livestock. The Linear B character for saffron is called CROC (the Latin name for saffron is Crocus sativus). During his attempts to crack the Linear A code, Arthur Evans thought he saw some similarities to CROC, but reported no specifics and none is listed in any of the other previous attempts to decipher Linear A (Olivier and Godart or Palmer). Day believes a plausible candidate for a Linear A version of CROC might be one sign with four variants: A508, A509, A510, and A511. The sign is found primarily at Ayia Triadha,   though examples can be seen at Khania and the Villa at Knossos. These instances are dated to the Late Minoan IB period and appear in lists of goods. Previously, researcher Schoep suggested the sign referred to another agricultural commodity, perhaps a herb or spice such as coriander. While the Linear B CROC symbol does not much resemble A511 or the other variants in Linear A, Day points out similarities of A511 to the configuration of the crocus flower itself. She suggests that the Linear B sign for saffron may have been a deliberate adaptation of the crocus motif from other media, and it may have replaced the older symbol when the Minoans began using the spice. Assembled Corpora In the late 20th century, researchers Louis Godart and Jean-Pierre Olivier published Recueil des inscriptions en Linà ©aire A, a massive undertaking to bring all of the available Linear A inscriptions onto  paper, including images and context of each and every known example. (Without images and context, the entire corpus of known Linear A scripts would barely fill two pages.) The Godart and Olivier corpus known as GORILA was moved onto the web in the 21st century, using the best of the Linear A fonts at the time, released by D. W. Borgdorff in 2004, called LA.ttf. In June 2014, Version 7.0 of the Unicode Standard was released, for the first time including the Linear A character set, including simple and complex signs, fractions and compound fractions. And in 2015, Tommaso Petrolito and colleagues released a new font set known as John_Younger.ttf. Hands down, the best online source on Linear A is from Linear A Texts Inscriptions in phonetic transcription by John Younger. It makes fascinating reading, and Younger and colleagues continue to update it regularly. Sources Day, Jo. Counting Threads. Saffron in Aegean Bronze Age Writing and Society. Oxford Journal Of Archaeology 30.4 (2011): 369–91. Print.Eisenberg, Jerome M. The Phaistos Disk: One Hundred Year Old Hoax? Minerva 19 (2008): 9–24. Print.Godart, Louis, and Jean-Pierre Olivier. Recueil Des Inscriptions En Linà ©aire A. Études Crà ©toises I-V (1976-1985). Print.Montecchi, Barbara. A Classification Proposal of Linear a Tablets from Haghia Triada in Classes and Series. Kadmos 49.1 (2011): 11. Print.Morpurgo Davies, Anna, and Jean-Pierre Olivier. Syllabic Scripts and Languages in the Second and First Millennia BC. Parallel Lives. Ancient Island Societies in Crete and Cyprus. Eds. Cadogan, Gerald, et al. Vol. 20. Athens: British School at Athens Studies, 2012. 105–18. Print.Petrolito, Tommaso, et al. Minoan Linguistic Resources: The Linear a Digital Corpus. Proceedings of the 9th SIGHUM Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanit ies. Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing, 2015. Print.Revesz, Peter Z. The Cretan Script Family Includes the Carian Alphabet. MATEC Web Conf. 125 (2017): 05019. Print.---. Establishing the West-Ugric Language Family with Minoan, Hattic and Hungarian by a Decipherment of Linear A. WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications 14.30 (2017): 306-35. Print.Schoep, Ilse. The Origins of Writing and Administration on Crete. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18.3 (1999): 265–90. Print.---. Tablets and Territories? Reconstructing Late Minoan Ib Political Geography through Undeciphered Documents. American Journal of Archaeology 103.2 (1999): 201–21. Print.Schrijver, Peter. Fractions and Food Rations in Linear A. Kadmos 53.1-2 (2014): 1. Print.Svizzero, Serge, and Clem Tisdell. The Role of Palatial Economic Organization in Creating Wealth in Minoan and Mycenaean States. Economic Theory, Applications and Issues Working Paper Series 74 (2015): 1–23. Print.Valà ©rio, Miguel Filipe Grandà £o. Investigating the Signs and Sounds of Cypro-Minoan. Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. Print.Whittaker, Helene. Social and Symbolic Aspects of Minoan Writing. European Journal of Archaeology 8.1 (2005): 29–41. Print.Younger, John G. The Pyrgos and Gournia Roundels Inscribed in Linear A: Suffixes, Prefixes, and a Journey to Syme. Studies of Crete and Cyprus Presented to Gerald Cadogan. Eds. Macdonald, Colin F., Eleni Hatzaki and Stelios Andreou. Athens: Kapon Editions, 2015. 67–70. Print.---. Linear a Texts Inscriptions in Phonetic Transcription Commentary. The University of Kansas. Updated December 19, 2017, first published 2000. Web. Accessed May 19, 2018. This page was written by N.S. Gill and K. Kris Hirst.

Whistleblowing - 1148 Words

Over the last forty years this country has seen an increase in corruption and greed both within the corporate world as well as within our own government. Since that time Whistleblowing, or the deliberate non-obligatory act of disclosure, which gets onto public record and is made by a person who has or had privileged access to data or information of an organization, about non-trivial illegality or other wrongdoing whether actual, suspected or anticipated which implicates and is under control of that organization, to an external entity having potential to rectify the wrongdoing.1 Both federal and state statutes and regulations have been created to protect these individuals from various forms of retaliation. Even without a statute,†¦show more content†¦One might follow the traditional route and assume that the laws are just or at least not blatantly unjust. The debate on morality whistleblowing centers on the conflict between the duty of loyalty to the firm or organization in which one works and the liberty to speak out against wrongdoing. This is the moral dilemma of whistleblowing. This dilemma comes about because we tend to believe that employees of an organization that we have both legal and moral obligation to be loyal to our employers while at the same time believe that we should be free to do our part in stopping immoral or dangerous practices. In considering both Rawls and De Georges views, I would tend to side with that of Rawls. According to Sissela Bok the ‘‘would be whistleblower must weigh his responsibility to serve the public interest against the responsibility he owes to his colleagues and the institutions in which he works’’.3 This involves two different types of loyalty. The first being concerns regarding personal relationships and responsibilities towards one’s co-workers. This type of loyalty is the one in which may owe to our friends and family. The next type is our concerns for our responsibilities to the organization where we work. It is this duty of loyalty that creates the moral dilemma of whistleblowing. It is this second type of loyalty that I will be concerned with in this paper. This focus is not meant to imply that other issues of loyalty should not be considered whenShow MoreRelatedWhistleblowing1650 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Whistleblowing The definition of a whistleblower is a past or pesent employee or member of an organization, who reports misconduct to people or entities that have the power and presumed willingness to take corrective action, or to notify the general public of wrongdoing. In most cases, whistleblowers are employees of the ogranization but can be employees of government agencies as well. Normally the misconduct being reported is a violation of law, rule, regulation and/or a direct threatRead MoreWhistleblowing Essay1986 Words   |  8 PagesAC 4001 – Interim Assignment – 2012/2013 Name: James Nicholas Anthony Cassin Student No: 109444602 Word Count: 1988 I don’t agree with the statement provided that ‘whistleblowing’ is an enemy of business and creates suspicion and disharmony. This is simply the old traditional view of the idea of whistleblowing that there is a spy or snitch within the camp looking after his/her own interests. This old and traditional view is largely based on the case that employee’s within organisations had veryRead MoreWhistleblowing629 Words   |  3 PagesWhistleblowing LEG 500 Whistleblowing in a Publicly Traded Company Whistleblowing implies the imperative necessity to alert others (company) about immorality issues, including illegal activity, happening inside the organization. For the employee who decides to blow the whistle â€Å"usually brings to he/she undesirable consequences.† Some consequences are like threats, loss of employment, and social rejection. (Chiu,R. 2003) Whistleblower Traits Whistleblowers are characterized by strongRead MoreWhistleblowing962 Words   |  4 PagesWhistleblowing and Sarbanes-Oxley Due DyKetia Gregg Thomas Payne Jr. Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance July 25, 2015 Whistleblowing and Sarbanes-Oxley Due If something happens in the organization, for example, a worker is thought to be engaged in illegal activities, then a whistleblower reports on this to the legal institution. As a rule, a whistleblower is an employee, so to encourage him/her to disclose the information and to assure that one is makingRead MoreWhistleblowing Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1: Whistleblowing and Sarbanes-Oxley LEG500030VA016-11 (Law, Ethics amp; Corporate Governance Professor Timothy Griffin Strayer University Jan Jones July 19, 2015 Describe the key characteristics of a whistleblower, and briefly summarize one (1) researched instance of whistleblowing in one (1) publicly traded company within the last 12 months. Include the details of the issue that the whistleblower reported and the effect of the whistleblower’s actions on both the whistleblowerRead MoreEssay on Whistleblowing1769 Words   |  8 Pages Whistleblowing is a relatively recent entry into the vocabulary of politics and public affairs, although the type of behavior to which it refers is not wholly new. How is it defined? Whistleblowing refers to a warning issued by a member or former member of an organization to the public about a serious wrongdoing or danger created or concealed within the organization. In a genuine case of whistleblowing, the whistleblower would have to have unsuccessfullyRead MoreThe Darkside of Whistleblowing1021 Words   |  5 PagesClaims Act, Congress decided to give whistleblowers (or â€Å"relators†) a share of the recoveries that result from their lawsuits to encourage people to step forward and take the risks involved in reporting fraud (Qui Tam Team). An overall advantage of whistleblowing is that the welfare of customers and employees can be protected. Blowing the whistle can take a long time and therefore can be very stressful. Families, friends and especially colleagues might not understand the decision and lose patience andRead MoreWhistleblowing Case1640 Words   |  7 PagesThe Whistleblowing Case Studies There are various cases about whistleblowing, one of them is the case of Motorola CFO, Paul Liska.1 He has been fired after giving a presentation. In the presentation, Liska pointed out to Motorola directors that the cell phone unit, Mobile Devices, missed its sales projection for the preceding three months. Liska intended to attack Sanjay Jha, the head of Motorola’s cell phone division, by doing the presentation at the board meeting. The whistleblowing occurred becauseRead MoreWhistleblowing And Sarbanes Oxley Due945 Words   |  4 Pages Whistleblowing and Sarbanes-Oxley Due Whistleblowing can be described as the disclosure of illegal, immoral, underhand or unlawful transactions, deals or practices of their employers or companies to people, institutions that are most likely to take action. What sets whistleblowing apart from other types of disclosures such as a tell-all is that it is made for the purpose of reporting wrongdoing in a company or organization to an agency or person that can take some actions. Whistleblowing is gainingRead MoreCase Study: Whistleblowing1815 Words   |  8 Pages(a) In your opinion, do you think whistleblowing will work in Malaysia? Elaborate on the reasons in support of your opinion. In my opinion, Whistle blowing will not work in Malaysia. From the passage, this is due to several reason. Firstly is due to culture, culture is where a group of people believe and behave the same way as it is. From this case, Malaysias culture is to prefer to keep things their own secretly. Basically they just dont want to review what is happening and just keep quiet and

Pro Choice Abortion Essay Example For Students

Pro Choice Abortion Essay ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYABORTIONOur world today is full of unsolved, devisive and controversial issues. Mostof them relate to our morals, ethics and religion, thus creating a very strong yesand no, or good and bad side. Like the Chinese Yin and Yang sign, abortionhas a very prominent black and white side but also contains traces of each in thealternating colour. This shows that if you were to come to any kind of conclusionon abortion, there would still be a downside to it, and that is primarily why theworld cannot agree on this sensitive and emotional issue. Being female myself, I can understand why a woman would want to have anabortion. Being pregnant and wishing you werent is probably the worst feeling awoman can have. Knowing that if you brought a child into the world and youdidnt want it, or you would have to give it up for adoption is such a dishearteningway to start off, and you and the un-born child would be so much better off ifyou were to terminate the pregnancy and wait for a more appropriate time, or inthe case of rape, put the past behind you and move on. Society has attached a stigma to abortion. When we hear of women havingabortions, we seem to automatically think that she wasnt careful enough, or shedidnt use contraception. We forget to stop and think about the other possiblereasons she may have accidentally become pregnant. Just forgetting to take onepill per packet can reduce its effectiveness and also taking anti-biotics, or being illcan also undermine the way the pill works. Condoms can tear or be forgotten,and emergen cy contraceptives like the morning after pill are underprescribed andnot readily available. Would it surprise you that over 50% of women getting anabortion in Britain used some form of contraception when they got pregnant? This obviously shows that women are having huge problems with usingcontraception, and something needs to be done about it now. Starting byeducating women more on the pill and the way it works, the after effects ofabortion, and the risks of having an abortion. We dont want abortion to becomethe easy way out though. People just need to know more about it and have tosatisfy specific criteria before having the pregnancy terminated, for instance byinterviews with doctors, given unbiased advice, and consultations with people oftheir specific religion. It is hugely important to reduce the number of unwantedpregnancies but we have to accept that abortion is a fact of life for many women, Ann Furedi of the British pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS). In the United States doctors who administer abortions are being targetedby anti-abortion activists and some have actually been murdered. The doctors arenow having to take many precautions including wearing bullet-proof vests andpulling blinds and shades down in their homes. One obstetrician-gynecologist hadto shut down his medical practice after he was terrorized by protesters who haddistributed wanted posters with his photograph, mailed threats to his home andlisted his name on a baby butchers web site. What makes a person think thatjust because they feel strongly about an issue it gives them the right to go and killsomeone, or harass them till they fear for the safety of their family? In Scotland the Roman Catholic Church offered a 12yr old pregnant girlmoney in the attempt to prevent her from having an abortion. She was advised byher teachers and a social worker to terminate the pregnancy mainly because of herage and her familys financial position. But her parents were more convin ced withthe advice given to them by the Scottish churchs Pro-Life Initiative, a programthat offers alternatives to abortion. A writer of the Tabloid Daily Mirror arguesthat offering 12yr olds cash for babies is tantamount to bribery..and it stinks tohigh heaven. But Monsignor Tom Conelly a spokeperson for the Catholic Churchin Scotland said that the churchs offer gives the girl real choice, so the child in thewomb does not suffer at all, irrespective of age or race or creed. If the girl choseto go through with the abortion, it would able her to continue on with her lifenormally and go on with her schooling. Unfortunately though, if she did have anabortion there would be the risk that she may not be able to conceive in lateryears. This is a high price to pay, but maybe she should have thought about someof the consequences of having sex at such an early age. It all comes back to sexeducation and informing children about the consequences and responsibilities thatcome with having sex. P ap smears, contraception, STDs and abortion should all beaddressed at school and this should all be re-inforced by the parents at home. We have to consider ourselves very lucky here in Australia. At least we aregiven the choice to choose abortion, unlike in some countries like the Philippineswhere most of the population are predominantly Roman Catholic. It was in 1969that Justice Menhennit ruled that abortion was legal in Australia, to protect thelife or health of the woman. This has made abortion available to all who need it,and women can go to Family Planning Centres all over Australia and receive theadvice and support that they need. So far about 20,000 Victorian women havean abortion in a year, but that doesnt compare to the statistics in Britain where 1in every 4 women will have an abortion at some stage. Lets just keep abortion asthe very last option and not travel down the path in which Britain and the USA areheading. We dont want babies getting thrown out in bins like vegeta ble wastenow do weBIBLIOGRAPHY1) Doctor quits, cites anti-abortion threatshttp://www.washingtonpost.com/cgi-bin/gx.cgi/AppLogic2) Half UK Women seeking abortion used contraceptionhttp://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/999013/sc/health_contraception_2.html3) Abortion Informationhttp://www.medico.abort.jk24/ss_health.com4) Scotland Church Chided on Abortionhttp://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/ap/19991011/wl/scotland_pregnancy_4.html5) Abortion at Family Planning Centres171 Berkeley Street, Carlton, 3053Melbourne, Australia

Pre-Bid Joint Venture Agreement Essay Example

Pre-Bid Joint Venture Agreement Essay PRE-BIDDING JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENTbetweenCompany AandCompany Bin respect ofCONSTRUCTION PROJECTTHE PRE-BIDDING JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENTThis Pre Bidding Joint Venture Agreement (â€Å"The Agreement†) entered into as of this _________ day of ________________, 20___ (being the actual date on which the Agreement will be signed) by and between: (A) Company A with their office at ___________ (hereinafter called â€Å"Party A†) of the one part(B) Company B with their office at _________________ (together with its successors and assignees hereinafter called â€Å"Party B†), of the other part Both parties shall be jointly referred to as the â€Å"Parties†.WITNESSETH:Whereas the parties hereto desire to submit a joint bid to _____________(hereinafter referred to as the Owner), for the construction of ________________(herein called the Work).WHEREAS, the parties each hereby certify and represent to each other their ability to provide their respective share of bonding capacity, finances, personnel, equipment and supervision to complete the work in the event they are the successful bidder and to sustain and pay for any losses that may be incurred;NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:1. They will jointly prepare a bid to be submitted to the Owner for a contract for the Work.2. The bid shall be submitted in the names of the undersigned as joint venturers and should a contract for said Work be obtained as a result of such bid, such contract shall be taken in the names of the undersigned, as joint venturers, or in such other name as may be agreed upon by the undersigned with the consent and approval of the Owner.3. Each and every obligation created by any such bid or contract shall be the joint and several obligation of the undersigned.4. The interest of the undersigned in any such contract, if obtained, and in the Work shall be